{"id":27684,"date":"2023-02-22T11:36:06","date_gmt":"2023-02-22T16:36:06","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/genomecanada.ca\/?p=27684"},"modified":"2023-02-23T14:48:19","modified_gmt":"2023-02-23T19:48:19","slug":"reunir-les-connaissances-autochtones-et-la-genomique-au-profit-de-la-biodiversite","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/genomecanada.ca\/fr\/reunir-les-connaissances-autochtones-et-la-genomique-au-profit-de-la-biodiversite\/","title":{"rendered":"R\u00e9unir les connaissances autochtones et la g\u00e9nomique au profit de la biodiversit\u00e9"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t
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Entrevue avec Mae Whyte, gestionnaire du Programme de r\u00e9habilitation, Blueberry River First Nations<\/strong><\/h2>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t
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\u00ab\u2009Les connaissances \u00e9cologiques traditionnelles se transmettent de g\u00e9n\u00e9ration en g\u00e9n\u00e9ration et se concentrent sur l\u2019interaction des \u00eatres vivants, y compris les humains, avec leur environnement. L\u2019union de ces connaissances vitales et des techniques et technologies g\u00e9nomiques nous aident \u00e0 tracer la voie vers la gu\u00e9rison de la terre et des eaux pour les g\u00e9n\u00e9rations futures.\u2009\u00bb – Mae Whyte<\/em><\/p>

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Combin\u00e9es, la g\u00e9nomique et les connaissances \u00e9cologiques traditionnelles sont des outils puissants qui nous aident \u00e0 r\u00e9soudre certains des plus grands d\u00e9fis actuels, notamment la perte de biodiversit\u00e9. \u00a0<\/h2>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t
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Nous avons demand\u00e9 \u00e0 Mae Whyte, gestionnaire du Programme de r\u00e9habilitation de la <\/strong>Blueberry River First Nations<\/strong><\/a>, comment la g\u00e9nomique et les connaissances \u00e9cologiques traditionnelles peuvent appuyer la p\u00e9rennit\u00e9 de l\u2019environnement et les collectivit\u00e9s autochtones. <\/strong>Elle a travaill\u00e9 \u00e0 la r\u00e9habilitation d\u2019habitats riverains tels que des cours d\u2019eau, des rivi\u00e8res et des lacs, et \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9valuation de l\u2019habitat du poisson. Elle a \u00e9galement cr\u00e9\u00e9 le programme des eaux de la Blueberry River First Nations, au nord de Fort St. John, en Colombie-Britannique, qui utilise entre autres l\u2019\u00e9chantillonnage environnemental (ADNe). \u00a0<\/p>

D\u00e9couvrez les autres entrevues de notre s\u00e9rie sur la g\u00e9nomique autochtone offerte en partenariat avec The Future Economy ici.\u00a0<\/a><\/b><\/i><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Pourquoi la g\u00e9nomique est-elle importante pour la protection et la p\u00e9rennit\u00e9 de l\u2019environnement?<\/strong><\/h3>

Selon l\u2019Union internationale pour la conservation de la nature<\/a>, la perte d\u2019habitat est la plus grande menace \u00e0 la diversit\u00e9 biologique dans le monde. La g\u00e9nomique donne une id\u00e9e de la biodiversit\u00e9 qui peut servir d\u2019indice de la sant\u00e9 des \u00e9cosyst\u00e8mes.<\/p>

\u00c0 quels \u00e9gards la g\u00e9nomique a-t-elle le plus d\u2019influence?<\/strong><\/h3>

La g\u00e9nomique nous aide \u00e0 poursuivre notre r\u00f4le de chefs de file de la gestion des eaux douces, une fonction indispensable dans notre paysage et nos bassins hydrographiques fragment\u00e9s. L\u2019analyse de l\u2019ADNe [mat\u00e9riel g\u00e9n\u00e9tique laiss\u00e9 par les organismes dans leur environnement] est un moyen non l\u00e9tal de se renseigner avec pr\u00e9cision sur la biodiversit\u00e9. Un seul bol d\u2019eau d\u2019un cours d\u2019eau peut r\u00e9v\u00e9ler s\u2019il s\u2019y trouve des esp\u00e8ces animales menac\u00e9es, envahissantes ou importantes sur le plan culturel ou \u00e9conomique. Les toutes premi\u00e8res versions accessibles de ces technologies d\u2019\u00e9chantillonnage g\u00e9nomique servaient principalement dans les \u00e9cosyst\u00e8mes aquatiques. Des travaux int\u00e9ressants sont toutefois en cours au moyen de pi\u00e8ges \u00e0 poils, \u00e0 pollen et \u00e0 invert\u00e9br\u00e9s dans des environnements terrestres. Ce sont des domaines que nous souhaitons approfondir dans le cadre du projet iTrackDNA<\/a>. Les possibilit\u00e9s sont passionnantes.<\/p>

Que voulez-vous dire par \u00ab\u2009moyen non l\u00e9tal\u2009\u00bb et pourquoi est-ce important? <\/strong><\/h3>

Par le pass\u00e9, nous aurions pu capturer des animaux, les \u00e9tiqueter et m\u00eame proc\u00e9der \u00e0 l\u2019ablation de nageoires. La g\u00e9nomique nous permet d\u2019obtenir des donn\u00e9es sans d\u00e9truire de mani\u00e8re moins destructrice, non l\u00e9tale, moins invasive, sans perturber la faune. Une \u00e9tiquette sur un oiseau peut m\u00eame nuire \u00e0 sa capacit\u00e9 de trouver son partenaire. Nous \u00e9vitons ces difficult\u00e9s gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 la g\u00e9nomique.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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Comment les collectivit\u00e9s autochtones dirigent-elles ces travaux et centrent-elles les connaissances autochtones?<\/strong><\/h3>

Les connaissances \u00e9cologiques traditionnelles se transmettent de g\u00e9n\u00e9ration en g\u00e9n\u00e9ration et se concentrent sur l\u2019interaction des \u00eatres vivants, y compris les humains, avec leur environnement. L\u2019union de ces connaissances vitales et des techniques et technologies g\u00e9nomiques nous aident \u00e0 tracer la voie vers la gu\u00e9rison de la terre et des eaux pour les g\u00e9n\u00e9rations futures.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Comment la recherche et l\u2019innovation canadiennes peuvent-elles mieux r\u00e9pondre aux besoins des collectivit\u00e9s autochtones?<\/strong><\/h3>

On a tendance \u00e0 penser qu\u2019il n\u2019y a pas de mal \u00e0 caser des connaissances autochtones dans un programme qui existe d\u00e9j\u00e0 et \u00e0 int\u00e9grer les connaissances autochtones traditionnelles dans des plans existants. Ce ne sera cependant pas efficace ni pertinent. Si l\u2019on veut am\u00e9liorer les r\u00e9percussions des innovations de la g\u00e9nomique sur les collectivit\u00e9s autochtones, il faut convenablement inclure les connaissances autochtones traditionnelles d\u00e8s le d\u00e9but. En voici un exemple simple\u00a0: si quelqu\u2019un vient dans la collectivit\u00e9 avec de la p\u00e2te \u00e0 pain et dit\u00a0\u00ab\u2009cuisinons\u2009\u00bb, la personne veut en fait dire \u00ab\u2009faisons du pain\u2009\u00bb. Mais qu\u2019en est-il si la collectivit\u00e9 veut cuire des petits g\u00e2teaux? Il faudra aller faire des courses et il vaudrait mieux emmener des membres de la collectivit\u00e9 avec vous pour vous assurer d\u2019avoir les bons ingr\u00e9dients avant de commencer \u00e0 cuisiner.<\/p>

Quel type de programmes ou d\u2019infrastructure garantira que les Autochtones profitent de la recherche men\u00e9e au Canada?<\/strong><\/h3>

Je parle beaucoup de renforcement des capacit\u00e9s dans mon travail. Nous avons besoin de financement durable d\u2019ann\u00e9e en ann\u00e9e, de formation et de mentorat, en particulier pour les jeunes. Il faut aussi des consultations constructives, en bonne et due forme. Le processus d\u00e9cisionnel \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9chelle de l\u2019\u00e9tablissement des programmes et des infrastructures doit toujours inclure les voix autochtones. Il nous faut aussi tenir compte des besoins particuliers de chaque collectivit\u00e9 pour que les politiques et les infrastructures puissent \u00eatre con\u00e7ues par elles et pour elles.<\/p>

Quelles innovations g\u00e9nomiques \u00e9mergentes sont susceptibles d\u2019entra\u00eener des retomb\u00e9es favorables pour les collectivit\u00e9s autochtones? <\/strong><\/h3>

Nos applications actuelles d\u2019\u00e9chantillonnage de l\u2019ADNe peuvent nous aider \u00e0 faire valoir la protection de l\u2019habitat, pas seulement pour le poisson et la faune, mais aussi pour les v\u00e9g\u00e9taux. La g\u00e9nomique nous fournit des donn\u00e9es qui appuient la protection et la r\u00e9habilitation, ce qui peut nous aider \u00e0 r\u00e9tablir des populations de v\u00e9g\u00e9taux et d\u2019animaux importantes sur le double plan culturel et \u00e9cologique. \u00c0 l\u2019\u00e9chelle locale, la g\u00e9nomique peut nous aider \u00e0 pr\u00e9server les aliments et les m\u00e9dicaments dont d\u00e9pendent nos collectivit\u00e9s.<\/p>

D\u00e9couvrez les autres entrevues de notre s\u00e9rie sur la g\u00e9nomique autochtone offerte en partenariat avec The Future Economy ici.\u00a0<\/a><\/u><\/b><\/em><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Entrevue avec Mae Whyte, gestionnaire du Programme de r\u00e9habilitation, Blueberry River First Nations \u00ab\u2009Les connaissances \u00e9cologiques traditionnelles se transmettent de g\u00e9n\u00e9ration en g\u00e9n\u00e9ration et se concentrent sur l\u2019interaction des \u00eatres vivants, y compris les humains, avec leur environnement. L\u2019union de ces connaissances vitales et des techniques et technologies g\u00e9nomiques nous aident \u00e0 tracer la voie […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":8,"featured_media":28208,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"default","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"default","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center 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