Plus des deux tiers des terres foresti\u00e8res du Canada sont compos\u00e9es de for\u00eats de conif\u00e8res \u2013 des arbres \u00e0 c\u00f4nes et des r\u00e9sineux utilis\u00e9s pour le bois d\u2019\u0153uvre. Ces conif\u00e8res sont le principal pilier de la colossale industrie foresti\u00e8re canadienne. Les for\u00eats canadiennes de conif\u00e8res sont de plus en plus menac\u00e9es par les \u00e9pid\u00e9mies d\u2019insectes nuisibles et l\u2019impact du changement climatique. Quel est le fondement g\u00e9nomique et biologique de la r\u00e9action de d\u00e9fense des conif\u00e8res aux parasites des for\u00eats? Comment les conif\u00e8res s\u2019adaptent-ils au stress abiotique caus\u00e9 par des changements dans l\u2019environnement?<\/p>\n
MM. J\u00f6rg Bohlmann et Kermit Ritland de l\u2019Universit\u00e9 de la Colombie-Britannique sont les directeurs du projet G\u00e9nomique de la sant\u00e9 des for\u00eats de conif\u00e8res. Ce projet table sur Treenomix \u2013 le premier projet \u00e0 grande \u00e9chelle en g\u00e9nomique foresti\u00e8re au Canada, pr\u00e9c\u00e9demment financ\u00e9 par G\u00e9nome Canada, Genome BC et la Colombie-Britannique \u2013 et applique les connaissances existantes comme les nouvelles \u00e0 l\u2019am\u00e9lioration de notre compr\u00e9hension de l\u2019\u00e9pinette (Picea spp<\/em>.) Les \u00e9pinettes sont en permanence expos\u00e9es \u00e0 un grand nombre d\u2019insectes nuisibles dont le charan\u00e7on de l’\u00e9pinette (Pissodes strobi), un insecte indig\u00e8ne de la Colombie-Britannique, les scolytes et la tordeuse des bourgeons.<\/p>\n En Colombie-Britannique, le charan\u00e7on de l\u2019\u00e9pinette d\u00e9truit toutes les \u00e9pinettes sauf les \u00e9pinettes de Sitka tr\u00e8s r\u00e9sistantes et menace \u00e9galement l\u2019\u00e9pinette blanche et l\u2019\u00e9pinette de l\u2019int\u00e9rieur. Dans l\u2019est du Canada, le charan\u00e7on de l’\u00e9pinette est un parasite qui cause de graves dommages dans les peuplements d\u2019\u00e9pinette de Norv\u00e8ge.<\/p>\n MM. Bohlmann et Ritland se concentreront sur la g\u00e9nomique structurelle et fonctionnelle, la prot\u00e9omique et la m\u00e9tabolomique des \u00e9pinettes, en particulier les m\u00e9canismes de d\u00e9fense contre les parasites, surtout les charan\u00e7ons de l’\u00e9pinette. Gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 des collaborations internationales, les chercheurs \u00e9tabliront \u00e9galement des comparaisons en g\u00e9nomique entre l\u2019\u00e9pinette et le pin \u00e0 encens (Pinus taeda), un pin courant au sud-est des \u00c9tats-Unis et un syst\u00e8me \u00e9tabli en g\u00e9nomique des conif\u00e8res. Le projet vise \u00e0 identifier les m\u00e9canismes g\u00e9n\u00e9tiques sous-jacents de la r\u00e9sistance aux perturbations biotiques (par exemple, la r\u00e9sistance aux insectes et aux agents pathog\u00e8nes associ\u00e9s aux insectes) et de l\u2019adaptation au stress abiotique (par exemple, la r\u00e9gulation de l\u2019apparition des bourgeons et la r\u00e9sistance au froid).<\/p>\n Les chercheurs s\u2019efforceront \u00e9galement d\u2019identifier et d\u2019utiliser la variation g\u00e9n\u00e9tique naturelle des arbres forestiers pour accro\u00eetre la s\u00e9lection en fonction de la r\u00e9sistance et de l\u2019adaptation des conif\u00e8res pour am\u00e9liorer la sant\u00e9 des for\u00eats en g\u00e9n\u00e9ral. La g\u00e9nomique foresti\u00e8re ouvre de nouveaux horizons qui permettront de choisir des traits g\u00e9n\u00e9tiques et d\u2019acc\u00e9l\u00e9rer les plans d\u2019am\u00e9lioration des arbres. Ce domaine de recherche a pour objet d\u2019accro\u00eetre la p\u00e9rennit\u00e9 des for\u00eats canadiennes de conif\u00e8res et d\u2019am\u00e9liorer la comp\u00e9titivit\u00e9 de l\u2019industrie foresti\u00e8re du Canada.<\/p>\n (En anglais seulement)<\/p>\n Integrated GE3<\/sup>LS Research<\/strong>: Conserving Our Forests \u2013 A Citizens\u2019 Debate Summary<\/u> Drs. Paul Wood and Gary Bull at UBC will engage stakeholders and the public in discussions and debate about these issues. First, they will conduct interviews and focus groups to understand issues of concern to the BC public. They will also ask diverse stakeholders to engage in a consensus-building process in which the stakeholders themselves, once they arrive at consensus, will offer recommendations to the Canadian federal and BC provincial governments about what directions, if any, governments should take in response to climate change, including the possible use of genomic selection techniques.<\/p>\n The project team will assist stakeholders by building various future forest scenarios that will represent a broad range of possible futures for the forests of BC. By envisioning possible futures, better choices are possible.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Plus des deux tiers des terres foresti\u00e8res du Canada sont compos\u00e9es de for\u00eats de conif\u00e8res \u2013 des arbres \u00e0 c\u00f4nes et des r\u00e9sineux utilis\u00e9s pour le bois d\u2019\u0153uvre. Ces conif\u00e8res sont le principal pilier de la colossale industrie foresti\u00e8re canadienne. Les for\u00eats canadiennes de conif\u00e8res sont de plus en plus menac\u00e9es par les \u00e9pid\u00e9mies d\u2019insectes […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"featured_media":0,"template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}}},"project-categories":[93],"genome-competitions":[238],"project-sector":[],"genome_centres":[105],"class_list":["post-10566","project","type-project","status-publish","hentry","project-categories-large-scale-science-fr","genome-competitions-concours-iii","genome_centres-genome-british-columbia-fr"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\n
\nGE3<\/sup>LS Project Leaders<\/strong>: Paul Wood and Gary Bull, University of British Columbia<\/p>\n
\nClimate change is expected to usher in an era of hard times for the forests of BC. Many forest trees and their associated ecosystems will not be able to cope with a changing climate and the resulting onslaught of insect pest epidemics. What will these changes look like, and will BC citizens accept such massive environmental change? To some extent, genomics techniques could help mitigate these changes, not by creating genetically modified trees, but instead by selecting naturally-occurring trees that already have built-in tolerance and resistance. <\/p>\n